Closely related methylxanthine to caffeine — also an adenosine antagonist, but milder, longer-acting, and with relatively more cardiovascular and less central-nervous-system effect. The dominant alkaloid in cacao.
Atoms positioned in their lowest-energy 3D geometry, sourced from PubChem. Drag to rotate · pinch or scroll to zoom · switch between stick, sphere, and line representations to feel the shape from different angles.
CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)NC(=O)N2C The pharmacological targets through which this compound exerts its effects.
Living organisms in which this compound is naturally found.
Pyridine alkaloid acting as a partial muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. The primary psychoactive constituent of betel/areca nut, producing mild stimulation, warmth, and a sense of well-being alongside well-documented carcinogenic risk to oral tissues with chronic use.
Phenylpropanoid found in Acorus calamus and Asarum species. Mechanism remains incompletely understood; mild psychoactive, sedative, and tonic effects have been described historically. β-asarone, a related isomer, is classified as a probable carcinogen and is the reason calamus from Indian-strain plants is regulated as a food additive.
Isoquinoline alkaloid widespread in Berberis, Hydrastis, Argemone, Coptis and many other genera. Not classically psychoactive — included for completeness as a major alkaloid of several plants in the atlas. Active research target for metabolic and cardiovascular conditions.
The most widely consumed psychoactive substance on Earth. Acts primarily as a competitive antagonist of adenosine receptors, indirectly raising dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine signaling — producing wakefulness, alertness, and mild euphoria.
