Closely related methylxanthine to caffeine — also an adenosine antagonist, but milder, longer-acting, and with relatively more cardiovascular and less central-nervous-system effect. The dominant alkaloid in cacao.
Atoms positioned in their lowest-energy 3D geometry, sourced from PubChem. Drag to rotate · scroll to zoom · switch between stick, sphere, and line representations to feel the shape from different angles.
CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)NC(=O)N2C The pharmacological targets through which this compound exerts its effects.
Living organisms in which this compound is naturally found.
The most widely consumed psychoactive substance on Earth. Acts primarily as a competitive antagonist of adenosine receptors, indirectly raising dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine signaling — producing wakefulness, alertness, and mild euphoria.
Excitotoxic glutamate-receptor agonist (NMDA and AMPA) found in Amanita muscaria and A. pantherina. Decarboxylates to the much less excitotoxic muscimol when the mushroom is dried, aged, or passed through a mammalian kidney — which is why dried muscaria (and reindeer-filtered urine) are traditionally preferred over fresh.
Best-characterized of the kavalactones of Piper methysticum. Modulates GABA-A receptors and inhibits voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels — producing a clear-headed, sociable anxiolytic effect quite distinct from alcohol or benzodiazepines.
Principal alkaloid of fermented Sceletium tortuosum. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and PDE4 inhibitor with mild mood-elevating, anxiolytic, and pro-social effects.
