Anadenanthera colubrina

South American tree whose seeds have been prepared into psychoactive snuff (vilca) and brews for at least three thousand years. Closely related to yopo but distributed further south, across the central Andes and the Gran Chaco.

Mid-elevation deciduous forest, especially in seasonally dry environments.

The names this organism has been given by the cultures that have lived alongside it. Each carries an entire relationship — what is sacred is never simply translated.

• Cebil
  Quechua / Andean Spanish · Northwest-Argentine and Andean peoples
• Vilca
  Aymara · Inca and pre-Inca cultures
• Huilca
  Quechua

• Tiahuanaco-culture snuff use documented archaeologically; continued ceremonial use in pockets of the central Andes and Gran Chaco

The famous snuff trays and tubes recovered from Tiahuanaco-era graves were almost certainly used with vilca seeds. The chemistry is similar to yopo — primarily bufotenine, with DMT in lesser proportions.