CN(C)CCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)O The pharmacological targets through which this compound exerts its effects.
Living organisms in which this compound is naturally found.
South American tree whose seeds have been prepared into psychoactive snuff (vilca) and brews for at least three thousand years. Closely related to yopo but distributed further south, across the central Andes and the Gran Chaco.
Tree native to the Caribbean and northern South America whose seeds contain a powerful mix of bufotenine, DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT. The seeds are roasted and ground into the snuff known as yopo, used in shamanic ceremonies of the Orinoco basin.
Widespread Eurasian toad whose parotoid secretion contains bufotenine, bufotalin, and other bufadienolides at lower concentration than Rhinella marina. Of more historical and cultural than pharmacological interest — repeatedly named in early-modern European witch-trial confessions and herbals as an ingredient in flying ointments and brews.
Large toad native to the Sonoran Desert whose parotoid glands contain significant amounts of 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenine.
Widespread temperate grass with extremely variable alkaloid chemistry — depending on the strain and growing conditions, it can produce N,N-DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenine, and the toxic gramine in differing ratios.
Small flowering shrub of the legume family, native to a broad sweep of tropical and subtropical Asia. Phytochemical surveys have repeatedly shown its leaves and roots to contain a striking combination of psychoactive tryptamines — N,N-DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and bufotenine — alongside β-carboline alkaloids of the harmala family, making it one of the very few single plants to carry both halves of the ayahuasca formula in the same organism.
Very large bufonid toad native to Central and South America, infamous worldwide as one of the most damaging invasive species after deliberate introduction to Australia, the Caribbean and many Pacific islands. The parotoid glands secrete a complex toxin cocktail including bufotenine, bufotalin, and cardiac glycosides.
Tall Amazonian rainforest tree whose red resin is processed into a powerful DMT-rich snuff used by Yanomami, Tukano, and several other northwest-Amazonian peoples.
- Davis 1987
