Widespread temperate grass with extremely variable alkaloid chemistry — depending on the strain and growing conditions, it can produce N,N-DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenine, and the toxic gramine in differing ratios.
Cool-season perennial grass of wet meadows, ditches, and riverbanks across the Northern Hemisphere.
- No traditional entheogenic use
Investigated in the 1980s–90s as a temperate-zone DMT source, with chemistry so variable that two clones grown side-by-side may differ wildly — a complication that has discouraged most contemporary use.
- Marten 1973
- Festi & Samorini 1994



