Virola theiodora (Epená)
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Virola theiodora

Epená · Paricá · Yãkoana
Amazonian
Martius · Public domain

Tall Amazonian rainforest tree whose red resin is processed into a powerful DMT-rich snuff used by Yanomami, Tukano, and several other northwest-Amazonian peoples.

ECOLOGY & HABITAT

Canopy tree of terra-firme rainforest in the western and northern Amazon basin.

Distribution
BrazilVenezuelaColombiaPeru
TRADITIONAL USE
  • Central snuff in Yanomami, Tukano, and Waiká shamanic practice
CULTURAL CONTEXT

Documented in detail by Richard Evans Schultes during his decades of fieldwork in the northwest Amazon. The snuff is blown forcefully into the nostrils through a long bamboo tube by a partner.

REFERENCES
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  • Schultes & Hofmann 1979
  • Holmstedt et al. 1980
RELATED

Kin & neighbors

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