Indole alkaloid acting as a selective α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, increasing noradrenergic tone. Used historically as a peripheral aphrodisiac and now studied for anxiety-related and metabolic effects. Significant interaction risk with MAOIs and many medications.
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The pharmacological targets through which this compound exerts its effects.
Living organisms in which this compound is naturally found.
Oxidized minor alkaloid and active metabolite of mitragynine. Substantially more potent at the mu-opioid receptor than mitragynine itself — believed responsible for much of kratom's analgesic and sedative effect at higher leaf doses.
Principal alkaloid of kratom leaves. Acts as a partial agonist at mu-opioid receptors and an antagonist at kappa and delta — an unusual profile that produces stimulation at low doses and opioid-like effects at higher doses. Also modulates adrenergic and serotonergic systems.
